Examples? Ideas?

Retro Classic

Rockstars of

Artist
Title
Album
Date
Cover art
…

MD Types for Preservation

Descriptive
Technical
Environment
Agent
Rights
Event
Provenance
Structure

Examples:

Descriptive: title, album
Technical: resolution, bitrate
Environment: tech required
Agent: person, organization, tool
Rights: copyright, ownership
Event: an action that has a date
Provenance: who owned it before
Structure: file is part of a sequence

Important things

Controlled vocabulary!
Date/time: ISO 8601
(2019-05-30T10:34:47+00:00)
Standards: Interoperability

CoVoc Examples

35mm = 35 mm = 35 millimètre
dup pos = duplicate positive
de = deu = german = German = alemán
YUV,4:2:2,10bpc = yuv422p10le
Director = Directed by

Normalize date/time

1. May 2019
May 4th, 2019
4.5.2019
5/4/2019
…
ISO 8601
(2019-05-30T10:34:47+00:00)

Controlled Vocabulary

Your suggestions for:

Descriptive?
Technical?
Other?

Standards

One To Rule Them All?

Exercise

Imagine some regular (preservation) workflows and identify:

Events
Which action is done?
Agents
Who is (involved in) doing it?
Objects
What does it apply to?
Rights
Who holds which rights to what?
Relationships
How do these entities relate to each other?

Exercise

Event eg: “transcode”
Agent eg: “tool:ffmpeg”
Object eg: “preservation file”
Rights eg: “item owner”
Relationship eg: “converts”, “is copy of”

Draw (and name) relationships between entities (one way/arrow). Write down what metadata you think should be captured in that entity.

Object (or Digital Object): a discrete unit of information subject to digital preservation.
- Environment: Technology (software or hardware) supporting a Digital Object in some way (e.g. rendering or execution). Environments can be described as Intellectual Entities and captured and preserved in the preservation repository as Representations, Files and/or Bitstreams.
- Event: an action that involves or affects at least one Object or Agent associated with or known by the preservation repository.
- Agent: person, organization, or software program/system associated with Events in the life of an Object, or with Rights attached to an Object. It can also be related to an environment Object that acts as an Agent.
- Rights Statement: assertion of one or more Rights or permissions pertaining to an Object and/or Agent.

PREMIS

PREMIS - Environment Stack

Good to Know

Dublin Core: Core fields (& their names)
METS: (MD container) descriptive, administrative, structural
PREMIS: A metadata framework
EBUCore: descriptive & technical (broadcast use case focus)
CEN EN 15907: Comprehensive description of cinematographic works
FRBR (“furbur”): Comprehensive description of bibliographic works
Mediainfo XML: Technical metadata (AV)

Dublin Core: Elements

Contributor
Coverage
Creator
Date
Description
Format
Identifier
Language
Publisher
Relation
Rights
Source
Subject
Title
Type

See: DC Reference Description

Contributor - “An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.”
Coverage - “The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.”
Creator - “An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.”
Date - “A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.”
Description - “An account of the resource.”
Format - “The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.”
Identifier - “An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.”
Language - “A language of the resource.”
Publisher - “An entity responsible for making the resource available.”
Relation - “A related resource.”
Rights - “Information about rights held in and over the resource.”
Source - “A related resource from which the described resource is derived.”
Subject - “The topic of the resource.”
Title - “A name given to the resource.”
Type - “The nature or genre of the resource.”

FRBR

EN 15907

Interoperability

Use a standard.
(at least as basis)
Use English field terms.
(at least in the background)

Metadata creation and capture

When is which metadata created?
- Ingest
- Modifications (e.g. transcoding, rewrapping)
- Restoration
- Meta-Metadata:
  Who edited/updated which MD-field?
- …

Metadata creation and capture

How can metadata be captured?
- Automatic
- Manual

Metadata: Usage & Storage

Whatfor is metadata kept?
How is metadata stored?

Plain Text

Sherlock
========================
Released in 2010 in United Kingdom
Actors: Benedict Cumberbatch, Martin Freeman

CSV

Comma Separated Value

"Title", "Release Date", "Country", "Actor 1","Actor 2"
"Sherlock", 2010-07-25, "UK", "Benedict Cumberbatch", "Martin Freeman"

The CSV file

XML

The XML file

DOC / PDF?

Pros?
Cons?

Embedded vs Sidecar

Embedded =
inside the media file
Sidecar =
additional files next to media file

Both have their advantages and disadvantages.

Embedded is more comfortable for files that are often moved around (less likely to get lost), but harder to change/augment/update/correct, because it requires applications to support read/write of these metadatas. This is not always the case.

For media objects, this often requires the whole file to be rewritten, regardless how trivial the metadata change was.

Furthermore: Any change to the media file changes their fixity information (hashcode, timestamp, etc), which must be dealt with accordingly. Consider runtimes of: read/write and hashcode generation!

Sidecar must be taken care of separately, but can more easily be changed/augmented/updated/corrected (because it’s often text-based: CSV, XML, TXT, etc). May follow separate format specifications than the media object. This allows separate format migrations of the sidecar metadata.

Also: The sidecar data is usually significantly smaller than the media object (especially for AV): So if fixity information needs to be updated the large files may stay in place/untouched.

Again: Keep it as simple as possible and as complicated as necessary.

Good practice

Use controlled vocabulary
…from public/common sources
Prefer structured text (CSV or XML)
…over DOC(X) and PDF
Embed at least basic info to ID the file
…and select which data may go better as sidecar
Machine and human readable
Field names (“backstage”): English, please.

Topic 2 - Metadata

Examples? Ideas?

Retro Classic

Rockstars of

MD Types for Preservation

Examples:

Important things

CoVoc Examples

Normalize date/time

Controlled Vocabulary

Your suggestions for:

Standards

One To Rule Them All?

Exercise

Exercise

PREMIS

PREMIS - Environment Stack

Good to Know

Dublin Core: Elements

FRBR

EN 15907

Interoperability

Metadata creation and capture

Metadata creation and capture

Metadata: Usage & Storage

Plain Text

CSV

Comma Separated Value

XML

DOC / PDF?

Embedded vs Sidecar

Good practice

Questions?

Comments?

Example XMLs

Links